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Privacy & law30 September 2026 · 2 min read

The motivated intruder test, step by step

The ICO asks a simple question of any de-identified dataset: could a determined, reasonably competent person work out who's who?

1Pick a randomsample2Search publicsources3Try linkingquasi-identifiers4Record anyre-identification5Fix and re-test
Running a motivated intruder testBased on ICO anonymisation guidance

What the intruder has

  • The internet, social media and public registers.
  • Reasonable skills and time.
  • No special access or insider knowledge.

Common failures

  • Rare job titles that identify one person.
  • Signatures and footers left in emails.
  • Small teams where 'the finance manager' is one person.
Key takeaways
  • It's the practical standard regulators use.
  • Rare details re-identify more than names.
  • Fix, re-test and document.

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